美俄日英澳5国体育课程标准研究     

叶茂盛  陶永纯  郝阳阳  蔡有志 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(9):81-87+95

摘要：为了解国外体育课程标准现状，为我国体育课程改革提供借鉴。采用文献资料法，对美国、英国、澳大利亚、俄罗斯和日本等国体育课程标准的理念、目标、内容、结构和相关社会背景进行了深入地分析。研究发现：1）5国体育课程标准的制定都以现实社会背景为基础；2）以人为本已经成为5国体育课程标准的共同理念；3）5国体育课程标准目标重视技能并兼顾综合素质；4）5国教育标准内容多关注于健康生活方式的养成；5）5国体育课程标准都是总分式递进分层结构体系。据此，本文对我国体育课程标准的修订和完善提出3点建议：1）正视促进学生身体发展等现实需求，重视运动技能；2）注重以人为本，强调学生社会适应能力的培养；3）完善多级课程体系，提高课程标准的科学性和可操作性。  相似文献   

Sprint kayaking and canoeing performance prediction based on the relationship between maturity status,anthropometry and physical fitness in young elite paddlers     

Daniel López-Plaza  Fernando Alacid  José María Muyor  Pedro Ángel López-Miñarro 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(11):1083-1090

This study aimed to identify the maturity-related differences and its influence on the physical fitness, morphological and performance characteristics of young elite paddlers. In total, 89 kayakers and 82 canoeists, aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± s), were allocated in three groups depending on their age relative to the age at peak height velocity (pre-APHV, circum-APHV and post-APHV) and discipline (kayak and canoe). Nine anthropometric variables, a battery of four physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach test and 20 m multistage shuttle run test) and three specific performance tests (1000, 500 and 200 m) were assessed. Both disciplines presented significant maturity-based differences in all anthropometric parameters (except for fat and muscle mass percentage), overhead medicine ball throw and all performance times (pre > circum > post; P < 0.05). Negative and significant correlations (P < 0.01) were detected between performance times, chronological age and anthropometry (body mass, height, sitting height and maturity status), overhead medicine ball throw and sit and reach for all distances. These findings confirm the importance of maturity status in sprint kayaking and canoeing since the more mature paddlers were also those who revealed largest body size, physical fitness level and best paddling performance. Additionally, the most important variables predicting performance times in kayaking and canoeing were maturity status and chronological age, respectively.  相似文献   

The effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review     

Jozo Grgic  Bruno Lazinica  Pavle Mikulic  James W. Krieger  Brad Jon Schoenfeld 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):983-993

Although the effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy have been investigated in several studies, the findings are equivocal and the practical implications remain unclear. In an attempt to provide clarity on the topic, we performed a systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) electronic databases. Six studies were found to have met the inclusion criteria: (a) an experimental trial published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (b) the study compared the use of short (≤60?s) to long (>60?s) inter-set rest intervals in a traditional dynamic resistance exercise using both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, with the only difference in resistance training among groups being the inter-set rest interval duration; (c) at least one method of measuring changes in muscle mass was used in the study; (d) the study lasted for a minimum of four weeks, employed a training frequency of ≥2 resistance training days per week, and (e) used human participants without known chronic disease or injury. Current evidence indicates that both short and long inter-set rest intervals may be useful when training for achieving gains in muscle hypertrophy. Novel findings involving trained participants using measures sensitive to detect changes in muscle hypertrophy suggest a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects. However, due to the paucity of studies with similar designs, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches.  相似文献   

健身指导APP资源及使用行为的调查研究     

张晗  刘新华 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(10):37-42

在移动互联网飞速发展的今天，健身指导APP给人们的运动健身带来了新的指导方式。通过文献资料法收集了当前健身指导APP的资源现状，问卷调查法了解当前健身指导APP的使用现状。研究发现，当下健身指导APP存在的问题有：（1）健身指导APP各类型使用率与实际市场占有率差别较大；（2）健身指导APP付费服务存在缺口；（3）通过健身指导APP达到经常锻炼标准的比例较低。针对这些问题提出以下对策与建议：（1）着力发展资源配置型健身指导APP；（2）丰富健身指导APP付费服务，创造新型盈利点；（3）提高健身指导APP服务水平，加强内容的信息监管；（4）与其他互联网平台相互整合发展，多方位为人们提供健身指导服务。  相似文献   

全民健身品牌赛事构成要素的质性研究     

许月云  张梦真  许红峰 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(6):7-12

摘要：全民健身品牌赛事的实施，对于推进全民健身活动深入开展发挥了重要的示范与引领作用。采用开放式问卷调查、质性分析、案例分析等研究方法，就全民健身品牌赛事的构成要素进行了质性研究。旨在丰富全民健身品牌赛事理论体系，为赛事学、品牌学研究提供理论支撑，为全民健身品牌赛事打造提供实践参考。研究表明：全民健身品牌赛事构成要素由基础要素、核心要素、延伸要素、传播要素和个性要素5大核心体系组成，其中基础要素是根基，核心要素是灵魂、延伸要素的生命，传播要素是杠杆，个性要素是风格。多数全民健身品牌赛事在运行过程中，较为重视全民参与、项目普适、社会认同、持久延续、影响效应、赛事竞争、政策保障、积极快乐等构成要素的打造，对激励机制、商业运作、符号标识、历史传承等构成要素的潜力挖掘有待进一步提升。  相似文献   

中国国家羽毛球队备战2012伦敦奥运会体能训练设计与实施     

李春雷 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(5):86-91+108

摘要：2006年羽毛球比赛实行21分制，使强队之间的比赛更加激烈，比赛结果更加不确定。面对新情况，研究主要采用专家访谈、实践设计等方法对中国国家羽毛球队备战2012年伦敦奥运会体能训练过程进行了全面的分析。结果表明羽毛球项目是以有氧能力为基础，磷酸原和糖酵解为主要供能方式的运动。我国羽毛球运动员存在功能性动作障碍、运动损伤率较高，腰伤已经成为影响队伍正常训练的最大障碍。通过矫正性练习可以有效预防损伤，并改善身体形态、动作模式、提高运动表现。羽毛球体能训练体系主要由评估、方案、反馈、完善4方面构成。伦敦奥运会备战体能训练划分准备期、赛前期、比赛期和恢复期四个阶段，在一般训练和专项训练衔接方面，功能性训练起到了很好的纽带作用，奥运会前的程序化参赛演练为运动员的最后备战起到了锦上添花的作用。  相似文献   

健身竞走运动的生物力学的特征     

张佳佳  孙南  张一民  季盼军 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(11):68-72

摘要: 目的:对健身竞走的生物力学特征进行分析，以证实健身竞走是一项能够综合走与跑步优势的运动项目。方法:运用实验法、数理统计法，对普通人完成健身竞走、普通健身走和跑步的运动学、动力学指标进行统计分析。结果:无论在常速还是快速时,健身竞走与普通健身走在步长、步速、步频等方面有显著性差异；健身竞走更容易达到较高的速度和更大的运动强度，并且各关节的地面反作用力均非常显著小于常速跑步。结论:健身竞走有利于实现高效的健身效果，并且受伤的可能性小于跑步，是一项非常安全的运动项目，应进行广泛的推广。  相似文献   

Relationship between abdominal adiposity,cardiovascular fitness,and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in British adolescents     

Moira S. Lewitt  Julien S. Baker 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):634-644

BackgroundPuberty is a critical time in the development of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between measures of adiposity, cardiovascular fitness, and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, 129 girls and 95 boys aged 12.9–14.4 years at various stages of puberty were included, along with their mothers (n = 217) and fathers (n = 207). Anthropometric assessments of adiposity were made, along with cardiovascular physical fitness, using the 20-m shuttle run test, and biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk, including glucose, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations.ResultsWaist-to-height ratio values were similar in boys and girls and correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and CRP concentrations, and inversely with cardiovascular fitness scores. Skinfold thickness measurements were higher in girls. High-molecular-weight adiponectin concentrations were lower in boys than girls, particularly in late puberty, and CRP levels were higher. Cardiovascular fitness, maternal body mass index (BMI), and paternal BMI contributed independently to the variance in waist measurements in girls and boys. Gender, triceps skinfold thickness, and weight-to-height ratio, but not parental BMI, contributed independently to the variance in cardiovascular fitness.ConclusionThere is a relationship between measures of adolescent adiposity and parental weight that involves factors other than cardiovascular fitness. Adolescent boys have relatively more abdominal fat than girls and a tendency to have a proinflammatory profile of biomarkers. These observations suggest that family and social environmental interventions are best undertaken earlier in childhood, particularly among boys.  相似文献   

公共室外健身器材的安全性分析与研究     

于航海  扈静  刘高志 《当代体育科技》2020,(12):206-206,209

近年来,随着我国全民健身计划的推行,很多公共场所安装了各式各样的室外健身器材,丰富了人们的体育健身活动,增强了肌肉力量和身体的柔韧性,提高了人们的身体素质。然而,在室外健身器材的使用过程中,人们受伤的案例很多。其质量状况也引起了人们的担忧。本文分析了公共室外健身器材的质量现状,并提供了相关的解决对策。  相似文献   

女性私人健身教练从业限制因素模型构建与分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈金鳌 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(2):20-25

运用文献资料法、调查法和逻辑分析法，对女性私人健身教练从业限制因素进行研究。利用访谈和问卷调查获得的数据，构建了女性私教从业限制因素的结构模型，并采用验证性因素分析对模型进行检验。结果显示：限制女性私教从业的因素主要包括个人限制因素、人际限制因素和企业限制因素，构建的三因素结构模型各项指标拟合度良好，结构稳定，可以为促进女性私人健身教练从业提供参考。进而从三个因素的角度，提出促进女性私教从业的建议，包括女性私教合理规划个人职业生涯，坚定从业信念；家人、同伴转变观念，提升女性私教的社会支持；健身企业切实履行对员工的社会责任，增强女性私教的工作满意度和企业认同感。  相似文献